Method of and apparatus for construction tunnels and the like



Apr. 3, 1923. v 1,450,577

, s. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSl RUCTING TUNNELS AND THE LIKE Filed Apr. 15, 1930 9 sheetssheet 1 war/vii:

ATTORNEY? Apr. 3, 1923,

C. BRYNOLDT AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNEIJS AND THE LIKE METHOD OF filed Apr.

9 shwis-sheoL IN 1 Q HrllllliQilfg I M a (m Apr. 3, 1923.

C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS AND THE LIKE Filed Apr. 13, 1930 I Arm/#1 157;

Apr. 3, i923.

. C. BRYNQLDT A'IUS FOR cnmvrfiu-c'rms TUNNELS AND THE LIKE METHOD OF AND APPAR 9 sheets-sheet 4 AIME/VH5 Apr. 3, 1923. 1,450,577

\ c. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS AND THE LIKE Filed Apr 15, 1920 9 sheets-$119M 5; 3

WIYNESSES IN VE/V {0H I I V I AUOEIVEYS' Apr.3,923.- 1,450,57?

a. BRYNQLUT v METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING I'UNNELS AND THE LIKE Filed Apr. 13

, 1920 9 sheets-shget WITNESSES fiv aa Apr.

C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNBLS AND THE LIKE 9 sheets-she'et Filed Apr. 1s, 1920 INVENTOI? WITNESSES:

AITO/P/VEYS Apr. 3, 1923.. C. RYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS AND THE LIKE P sheets-sheaf 8 Filed Apr. 13

AITOHWEVJ C. BRYNOLDT METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING TUNNELS AND HE LIKE Filed A r.

, 1920 9 sheets-s heet 9 WITNESSES CERISTIAN BRYNOLDT, OF PITTSBURGH,

orricr.

PENNSYLVANIA. ASSIGNOR T BLAW-KNOX COMPANY,A CORPORATIONOF NEW JERSEY.

METEOD OF AND AYPJA-BATUS FOB CONSTBUCTING TUNNELS AND THE LIKE.

Application filed April 13, 1920. Serial No. 378,528.

To all w ham it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHRISTIAN BRYNoLo'r, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of and'Apparatus for Uonstructing Tunnels and the like, of which the follow inpi is a specification.

his invention'relates'to a apparatus whereby tunnels, walls and the like may be constructed from molten material, such for example as slag, or similar refuse.

' One of the primary objects of my invention is to overcome certain difficulties in the disposal of slag and similar molten refuse matter from mills which I believe to have been hitherto unsurmounted. It has been customary to fill up the valleys with the slag as one 'of the simplest I this is not always possible for the reason that state or local restrictions prohibit the up of valleys unlesstunnels are provided for passen er and vehicle trafiic. To meet this difiicfity it has sometimes been attempted. to construct a tunnel out of concrete in the usual manner, but the'molten material very quickly destroys the concrete and in addition the cost is prohibitive;

propose to overcome these difiiculties by forming the tunnel, out Or the molten material itself.

. 1 accomplish the foregoing by means of a method and apparatus which I have illustrated in preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic cross section method of and through a fill illustrating-the formation of the side walls of a tunnel for example; Figure 2 is a side elevation diagrammatically illustrating my improved apparatus; Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2; Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, drawn on an enlarged scale, of the side wall form and the traveler therefor; Figure 5 is a similar section through the arch form and its travelermechanism; Figure 6 is an enlarged side elevationof a tank for a cooling medium such as water, for cooling the forms: Fi ure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6; Figure :8 is a diagrammatic cross section similar to Figure 1 showing the formation of the arch or root of the tunnel; Figure 9 is a cross section through the arch form shown in Figure 5 but drawn 5; Figureil t is a supported. Immediately following culvert,wall or passage way B are shown in traveler frame.

outer plate on a still larger scale; Figure 10 is a cross sectlon through the side wall form of Figure 4 drawn on an enlarged scale and taken on the line 10-10; Figure 11 1s a section illustrating a detail, taken on the line 11-11 of Figure 5; Figure 12 is a section taken on the line 12--12 of Figure 11; Figure 13 is a section taken on the line 13-13 of Figure I diagrammatic cross sect on through a cut illustrating a modification of my invention; Figure 15 is a side elevation. of the form utilized in carrying out'the improvements shown in Figure 14; Figure 16 is a cross section through the form shown in Figure 15, drawn on an enlarged scale; Figure17 is a longitudinal section through the form shown in Figures 15 and 16, such section being taken on the line17-17 of Figure 16. j

In the drawings I have shown my invention as applied tothe construction of'a tunnel and on reference to Figure 1, it will be seen that I first form a suitable floor or base 7, preferably of concrete, on which I place the tracks 8 for a moving traveler A from which the side molds or 'forms B are the side wall forms is a traveler C on win 11 is collapsibly supported the roof or arch form D, and followin the traveler C is a water we on or tani E. he traveler A and the side wall forms Figures 4 and 10, from'inspection of which it will be seen that the traveler comprises a frame, preferably comosed of structural steel members, such frame being provided with a plurality of wheels 9 riding on the railsS. The traveler is provided with a plurality of pairs of jacks 10, the outer ends of which are connected to the channels '11 which, are secured to the inner wall or plate 12 of theside forms. These channels 11 are also slidably mounted on the cross channels 13 forming part of the l The side forms each consist of the inner wall or plate 12, before mentioned, and the 14, such plates being spaced apart by means of the angle irons 15 which are riveted, or otherwise scured to one of 1 5 the plates. The bottom of the forms is closed in any desired manner. The angle irons are cut away, as at 16 in Figure 10, to permit of free circulation throughout the interior of the form. The plates 12 and 14 l7 and 18, the pipe 17 being connected to the Water supply pipe 19 through the medium of a suitable flexible coupling :30, while the pipes 18 are connected to the return pipe 21, leading to the pump 22, by suitable flexible coupling It will of course be understood that (the pipes 17 and 18 are providedwith a plurality of holes so as to discharge the. cooling Water into the forms and to abstract-the hot Water for return to the tank at a plurality of points.

Assuming that the side forms have been set up in the position indicated in Figure 10, molten slag or other refuse isfilled in as indicated in Figure 1,-the side forms and the traveler being covered over by a temporary roof which protects such parts and also the wor man against accident. particularly 7 when the hot slag is run on to the root or arch formv I) immediately following the side forms. in case of emergency an overflow passage 24 is provided so that any excess water will discharge away from the hot slag. I

'Certain kinds of slag will cool oft against the water cooled forms and be as stable as concrete, but other kinds of slag; deteriorate in time in the presence of water or air, and for this latter kind I prefer to line the outside of the form with. firebrick 25 or other suitable material as indicated in Figure 1, which remains in place upon the re moval of the forms.

When the slag is cooled oil suiiiciently all of the apparatus is moved forward. the side forms being collapsed for this purpose by means of the jacks H). The roof or arch form D is now in position over the sides of the tunnels just formed, and the side forms are immediately in advance thcrcot. The side forms are now properly positioned by the jacks and the arch form is set up. as will appear, and the filling in of the new side portions of the tunnel and the root' portion may be carried on simultaneously.

The arch iorm nu-a-hanism will now be described attention being directed to Figures 2, and 9, from inspection of which it will be seen that the traveler compri; a main frame composed of suitable structural steel members and provided with Wheels 26: the platform or tramc 27 having a plurality of upright guide posts 28 slidably mounted in the frame 25 for vertical n'iovenient (see also Fig. 11): the jacks 29 which rest on the side channels oi the frame 2?, and which arc adapted to support the longitudinal channels 30 which are scoured to the parts 9%: and the angle irons 31 to which the upper endsot the arch form are oivot T The two sections constituting the arch form, asbetore are comprised of t o pa spaced apart by angle irons and secured togcthcr by means of stay bolts, the ends be ing closed in any prei'crrcd manner. Each section is provided with a pair oi pipes 33 and 33, the former bcing connected to the supply pipe 3 (scc Figures 3 and 7) and toe latter to the rcturn pipe 35 leading to the tank. The piping (lciails are shown in F g urcs (i and T, The sections are collapsed by means oi the jacks so. one and of each oi which is secured to one of the channels 23'? connected to the inside plates of the sections.

Where needed. attcr'the arch form has been set hp to the position indicated in Fig-- ure- 9. it is lincd with llrdhrick and a fill made as indicatcd in Figure H. Hincc the side forms arc rooted ovcr. the filling may be carried out simultancously and an) overfiow from the arch l'orm will be dcpositcd on the roof I. dlhcn the slag is sullicicntly cooled the side forms are collapsed as before, the arch forms are collapsed and lowcrcd and the whole apparatus may be tclcscoped through the work and again set up. in some ,instanccs the cut may be somewhat as shownin Figure 14. in which case I prcfer to construct a concrctc side wall 44). making a dirt fill 4i whcrc needed. \Vherc such a sidewall is uscd.l employ a combined arch and sidewall form it such as shown in Figures 1:3 and 16. the sections of which are con-- st ructed in the samc gcncral manner hereinbciorc dcscribml. 'lhc traveler H used in connection with such form has combined with it tho water tank from which connections 1:1 m de to the sections of the form. The

travrlcr is provided with jacks 49, and 43 4 whereby the form may be properly supportcd in place and lowered and collapsed for telescoping through the work. If water main or gas supply or other pipcs are to be carried through the tunnel. this. may be rcadily taken care of by casting brackets M on the sidewall 40. lvlcchanism for constructing the sidcwall and bracket is shown in copcnding a 'iplication Serial No, 373,531,

lilcd April 13, 1990 wherein such subject matter is claimed.

Where the sides and arch forms are combined it desirable to provide a lip 45 (see Figure li'l to rctain the slag, and prevent it spilling over the end of the form.

It will bc sccn from the foregoing that I ha re provided a very simple method and ap paratus for constructing tunnels from the refuse product itself at minimum expense. It will also bc sccn that practically the en tirc length of the form is available for Working spacc and that thc mechanism for mov-,

ing the forms is \'cr v simple and cfiective.

I claim:

l. The hcrcin described method of con structing walls. tunnels and the like from molten material such as refuse slag which consists in filling and forming the slag against a cooled form.

2. The herein described method of constructing walls, tunnels and the like from; molten material such as"ret'use slag which consists in filling and forming the slag against a movable cooled form, in advancing the form and in repeating the operation.

3. In mold form apparatus for constructing tunnels, walls and the like from hot material the combination of a hollow form, and means for establishing a cooling circulation through the form.

4. ln mold form apparatus for constructing tunnels, walls and the like from hot ma-j tcrial the combination of a movable hollow form. a movable source of cooling liquid supply, and means for establishing a circulation of the liquid through the form.

5. In mold form apparatus for construct ing tunnels, walls and the like from hot Ina-j terial the combination of a hollow form, a traveler for shifting the form, a water tank, and means for establishing a circulation of the water through the form.

6. In mold form apparatus for constructing tunnels and the like, the combination a traveler, a sidewallform carried thereby for collapse, a second traveler, an arch a.

roof form carried therebyforcollapse, and

means for cooling the forms. o

,7. In. mold form apparatus for constructing tunnels and the like, the combination a traveler, a side wall form carried thereby for collapse, a second traveler, an arch a root form carried thereby for collapse, and means for cooling the forms also movably mounted.

8. In mold't'orm apparatus for constructing tunnels and the like, the combination the form may be moved, and means for cooling the form.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

CHRISTIAN BRYNOLDT. 

